Good evening:
The glass may have frozen at the bottom causing this breakage so close to the bottom and all the way around. Do not throw away the glass as you might in your area find a person who does glass cutting on cylinders or medical items. By cutting the cylinder end off that is broken you still have 26 inches left of this cylinder. They are 12 x 27 for this pump I believe. My first pump found in the wild was a series pump of this nature with the glass the same way. I used laquer thinner everyday and a dental tool to pick this out. With the cylinder being already broken the only thing to worry about getting it out is do not breath this putty as it has lots of asbestos in it. You can take this apart as far as you can using heat _torch heating up the nuts and then taking apart. at worst take apart as much as you can and have the pump less the sheet metal sandblasted. After that if there is still things stuck, go the WD 40 route over and over little movement at a time. The tubes that go up and down seem complicated but just need a helping hand. Take plenty of pictures BEFORE you start to help remember.